Perceptual entropy rate estimates for the phonemes of American English
نویسندگان
چکیده
We estimated the perceptual entropy rate of the phonemes of American English and found that the upper limit of the perceptual entropy of voiced phonemes is approximately 1.4 bit/sample, whereas the perceptual entropy of unvoiced phonemes is approximately 0.9 bit/sample. Results indicate that a simple voiced/unvoiced classi cation is suboptimal when trying to minimize bit rate. We used two di erent methods for the entropy estimation, and the results of both methods show that short segments of unvoiced speech are approximately Gaussian.
منابع مشابه
Acoustic Analysis of Persian EFL Learners' Pronunciation of English Vowels
This paper reports the results of an experimental study on non-native production of English vowels. Two groups of Persian EFL learners varying in language proficiency were tested on their ability to produce the nine plain vowels of American English. Vowel production accuracy was assessed by means of acoustic measurements. Ladefoged and Maddison’s (1996) F1 F2 measurements for American English v...
متن کاملTaylor Expansion for the Entropy Rate of Hidden Markov Chains
We study the entropy rate of a hidden Markov process, defined by observing the output of a symmetric channel whose input is a first order Markov process. Although this definition is very simple, obtaining the exact amount of entropy rate in calculation is an open problem. We introduce some probability matrices based on Markov chain's and channel's parameters. Then, we try to obtain an estimate ...
متن کاملA perceptual interference account of acquisition difficulties for non-native phonemes.
This article presents an account of how early language experience can impede the acquisition of non-native phonemes during adulthood. The hypothesis is that early language experience alters relatively low-level perceptual processing, and that these changes interfere with the formation and adaptability of higher-level linguistic representations. Supporting data are presented from an experiment t...
متن کاملCross Entropy Information Metric for Quantification and Cluster Analysis of Accents
This paper proposes a method for the measurement and quantification of the impact of accents on speech models. An accent metric is introduced based on the cross entropy (CE) of the probability models of speech from different accents. The CE metric has potentials for use in analysis, identification, quantification and ranking of the salient features of accents. The accent metric is used for phon...
متن کاملUsing phase to recognize English phonemes and their distinctive features in the brain.
The neural mechanisms used by the human brain to identify phonemes remain unclear. We recorded the EEG signals evoked by repeated presentation of 12 American English phonemes. A support vector machine model correctly recognized a high percentage of the EEG brain wave recordings represented by their phases, which were expressed in discrete Fourier transform coefficients. We show that phases of t...
متن کامل